Shower effect of a rainfall onset on the heat accumulated during a preceding dry spell

Popular perception claims that rain following a hot day brings relief, indicating a bio-meteorological perspective of 'rainy' forecasts. However, the hypothesis has rarely been examined on India which experiences distinct pre- and post-monsoon seasons with continuous dry days, occasionally interrupted by thunderstorms or cyclones. The current study analyzes 54 years of observed daily meteorological records across India to assess the impact of shower effect, defined as the amount of change in the temperature on the first day of a wet spell that succeeds a dry spell. Nine combinations of low to high probability rainfall events on the first day of a wet spell and short to prolonged dry spell categories are evaluated. Results indicate that the north, the northeastern, and the eastern states of India witness a decrease in the maximum and minimum temperatures, up to 5 °C during the pre-monsoon season while mostly exhibiting a statistically insignificant long-term temporal trend. During the post-monsoon season, a rainfall event decreases the maximum temperature, providing significant relief by reducing the heat index (HI) warning from 'Caution' to 'Normal', but is unable to lower the HI warning from 'danger' during the pre-monsoon season.