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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Single-cell technologies - studying rheumatic diseases one cell at a time.

Peggie Cheung1,2, Purvesh Khatri1,3, Paul J Utz4,5

  • 1Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|May 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals insights into rheumatic diseases. Understanding individual immune cell roles in pathogenesis can identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for complex autoimmune conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Immune cell coordination is vital for pathogen defense and host tolerance.
  • Dysregulated immune responses in rheumatic diseases involve specific cell subsets.
  • Understanding these cells is key to unraveling complex disease etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of individual immune cells in rheumatic disease pathogenesis.
  • To leverage single-cell technologies for identifying disease mechanisms.
  • To discover novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers in rheumatic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • High-dimensional single-cell dissection across multiple omics levels (transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic).
  • Multi-omics integrative analyses using advanced experimental platforms.
  • Application of single-cell technologies in rheumatology research.

Main Results:

  • Technological advances enable detailed analysis of cellular heterogeneity.
  • Identification of dysregulated molecular mechanisms in rheumatic disease patients is facilitated.
  • Potential for discovering new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell multi-omics approaches are transforming immunology and have significant potential in rheumatology.
  • These technologies offer a powerful lens to study the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
  • A deeper understanding of molecular pathways driving rheumatic diseases is anticipated.