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Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

172.6K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
172.6K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

55.0K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
55.0K
Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

2.2K
Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
2.2K
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

57.9K
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
57.9K
Average Acceleration01:30

Average Acceleration

13.0K
The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
13.0K
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

9.8K
Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
9.8K

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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
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Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

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Buffer-averaging super-continuum source based spectral domain optical coherence tomography for high speed imaging.

Chaoliang Chen1, Weisong Shi1,2, Robnier Reyes1

  • 1Biophotonics and Bioengineering Lab, Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Biomedical Optics Express
|May 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Buffer-averaging super-continuum spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SC-SDOCT) enhances power spectral density stability. This improves imaging speed and signal-to-noise ratio for advanced OCT applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Optical Imaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Super-continuum spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SC-SDOCT) performance is limited by power spectral density (PSD) stability.
  • High-speed imaging in SC-SDOCT reduces exposure time, decreasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a buffer-averaging SC-SDOCT (BASC-SDOCT) technique.
  • To enhance system performance and imaging speed without compromising SNR.

Main Methods:

  • A fiber-based light buffering and averaging system was employed to stabilize the SC source output.
  • Averaging 8 SC emissions improved PSD stability, allowing for faster imaging acquisition.

Main Results:

  • BASC-SDOCT achieved PSD stability equivalent to 55.68 µs exposure with only 6.96 µs emission time.
  • Imaging speed increased from 16.8 kHz to 91.9 kHz.
  • System sensitivity improved by 8.6 dB to 100.6 dB, enhancing SNR in structural, Doppler, and speckle variance OCT (SVOCT) imaging.

Conclusions:

  • BASC-SDOCT effectively improves SC-SDOCT performance by stabilizing PSD.
  • The technique enables high-speed, high-sensitivity OCT imaging for various applications.
  • Demonstrated improvements in phantom and in vivo experiments validate the BASC-SDOCT approach.