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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
Published on: November 6, 2017
Pregnancy loss and risk of later dementia: A nationwide cohort study, Denmark, 1977-2017
Saima Basit1, Jan Wohlfahrt1, Heather A Boyd1
1Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Introduction:
Pregnancy losses may be associated with increased risks of dementia.
Methods:
We conducted a register-based cohort study in 1,243,957 women with ≥1 pregnancy in Denmark in the period 1977-2015. Using Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) comparing risks of dementia in women with and without pregnancy losses.
Results:
During 21,672,433 person-years of follow-up, 261,279 women experienced a pregnancy loss, and 2188 women were diagnosed with dementia. Stillbirth was associated with an 86% increased risk of dementia overall (HR 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.71). By contrast, miscarriage was not associated with later risk of dementia overall (single miscarriage, HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87-1.12; recurrent miscarriages, HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84-1.35). Adjustment for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes did not meaningfully alter the association magnitudes.
Discussion:
Stillbirth and dementia may share underlying mechanisms, suggesting that a history of stillbirth should be considered when assessing dementia risk in women.
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