Reproductive efficiency in naturally serviced and artificially inseminated beef cows

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Reproductive Biology
• Livestock Management

Background:

• Conception rates are critical for beef cattle productivity.
• Evaluating breeding technologies like artificial insemination (AI) and natural service is essential for optimizing livestock reproduction.
• Indigenous cattle breeds often have unique reproductive characteristics that require specific management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare conception rates between artificial insemination (AI) and natural service in Tuli and Afrikander beef cattle.
• To assess the influence of parity (heifers, second calvers, mature cows) on conception rates using different breeding methods.
• To determine the efficacy of AI as a complementary or substitute breeding technology for indigenous Zimbabwean cattle.

Main Methods:

• A comparative study involving 71 Tuli and 86 Afrikander cattle was conducted.
• Animals were randomly assigned to either AI or natural service, grouped by parity (P0, P1, P2).
• Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate breeding method, parity, and calving interval effects on conception rates.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in conception rates were found between Tuli and Afrikander breeds.
• Breeding method, parity, and calving interval significantly affected conception rates (P < 0.05).
• AI achieved a higher pregnancy rate (77.6%) compared to natural mating (56.79%); however, overall conception rates were similar between methods when analyzed statistically.

Conclusions:

• Artificial insemination (AI) and natural service yield comparable conception rates in Tuli and Afrikander cattle breeds.
• Parity influences conception rates, with mature cows (C2) showing higher rates than second calvers (C1).
• AI technology is a viable option to supplement or replace natural service in indigenous cattle of Zimbabwe, supporting efficient breeding programs.