The Impact of the Position of Phonemes and Lexical Status on Phonological Awareness in the Diglossic Arabic Language

This study aimed at examining the impact of phonemes and lexical status on phonological manipulation among pre-school children. Specifically, we tested the impact of phonemic positions (initial vs. final) and lexical status (shared, spoken, standard and pseudo-words) on phonemic isolation performance. Participants were 1012 children from the second year (K2) and third year (K2) in kindergarten. The results of the ANOVAs revealed significant effect of the phonemes' position on the phonemic isolation performance whereas the performance was easier with the initial rather than the final phonemes. Also, the repeated measure analysis showed that the lexical status also impacts the phonemic isolation performance. The performance in pseudo-words was lower than all the others. However, the other clusters of real words did not differ. The results are discussed in the light of previous findings in the literature and of differences in the syllabic structures of the words that may influence phonological awareness.