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Milestones in DRI Development: What Does the Future Hold?
Ann L Yaktine1, A Catharine Ross2
1Food and Nutrition Board, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC.
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|May 9, 2019
Summary
Early US nutrition focused on deficiencies, leading to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Modern challenges of obesity and chronic disease risk necessitate revising Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) to include disease prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
- Dietary Guidelines
Background:
- Early 20th-century US nutrition faced widespread nutrient deficiencies and dental caries.
- The first Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) were established in 1940 to ensure adequate nutrient intake.
- Shifting health concerns towards overweight, obesity, and chronic diseases prompted the development of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).
Observation:
- DRIs were designed to minimize nutrient inadequacy and excessive intake.
- Recent proposals aim to extend DRIs to address nutrient and food component influences on chronic disease risk.
- Developing DRIs for chronic disease endpoints faces challenges due to multifactorial disease etiology and limited evidence.
Findings:
- Chronic diseases are complex, not solely nutrient-specific, making direct DRI application difficult.
- Evidence linking specific nutrients to chronic disease risk is often limited and inconsistent across studies.
- The long latency period between dietary exposure and disease manifestation complicates establishing causality.
Implications:
- Adapting the DRI model requires redefining population health metrics.
- Integrating chronic disease indicators into the DRI framework is crucial for current public health needs.
- Future DRI development must address the evolving landscape of diet-related chronic diseases.
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