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Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
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Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a...
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Spatial and Temporal Nanoscale Plasmonic Heating Quantified by Thermoreflectance.

Di Wang, Yee Rui Koh, Zhaxylyk A Kudyshev

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    This study explores nanoscale thermoplasmonics, revealing how nanopattern dimensions control heat dynamics. Optical thermoreflectance imaging (OTI) and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) techniques offer insights into nanosecond heating for advanced applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Thermoplasmonics
    • Nanoscale heat transfer
    • Optical materials science

    Background:

    • Thermoplasmonics utilizes remotely controllable nanometer-scale heat sources, crucial for various technologies.
    • Dynamic behavior of plasmonic heating in the nanosecond regime is underexplored but vital for applications like photocatalysis and optical modulators.
    • Existing studies primarily focus on steady-state plasmonic heating, leaving dynamic responses largely uninvestigated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively investigate plasmonic heating in both spatial and temporal domains using advanced thermoreflectance techniques.
    • To explore nanosecond-scale heat transfer dynamics in nanometer-scale plasmonic structures.
    • To establish a quantitative relationship between nanopattern dimensions and spatiotemporal thermal response.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized optical thermoreflectance imaging (OTI) for sub-micron resolution visualization of plasmonic heating dynamics on the millisecond scale.
    • Employed time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) to study optical resonance-dependent heat transfer in the nanosecond regime.
    • Developed a detailed computational model to extract impulse response and thermal interface conductance from TDTR data.

    Main Results:

    • OTI enabled rapid visualization and analysis of plasmonic heating, linking optical absorptance to heating efficiency.
    • TDTR provided the first study of nanosecond-scale heat transfer dynamics in nanometer-scale plasmonic structures.
    • A quantitative relationship was revealed between nanopattern dimensions and spatiotemporal thermal response to light pulse excitation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study demonstrates the critical role of nanopattern dimensions in controlling thermoplasmonic effects and thermal response.
    • Both OTI and TDTR techniques are essential for nanoscale thermoplasmonic heat management, enabling optimization of heating power and temperature decay.
    • Findings are crucial for advancing applications requiring precise control over nanoscale heat generation and dissipation.