Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

27.3K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
27.3K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.5K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
5.5K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.7K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.7K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.6K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.6K
Defining Psychology01:24

Defining Psychology

7.6K
Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
7.6K
Defining Social Psychology01:09

Defining Social Psychology

388
Social psychology investigates how the presence and actions of others influence individual behavior, cognition, and emotion. Examining the social environment's impact provides a scientific framework for understanding how individuals perceive others and are, in turn, influenced by them. This field seeks to uncover the underlying principles guiding social interactions, exploring phenomena such as conformity, obedience, and prosocial behavior.Core Themes in Social PsychologyOne central focus of...
388

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MERLIN-SUITE: Probabilistic modular GRN inference from multi-omics data integrating regulatory priors and transcription factor activity.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

scMTNI: Leveraging cellular trajectory and context to infer dynamic GRNs from single-cell multi-omics data.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Structure of the NAT10 acetyltransferase and mechanism of tRNA acetylation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Explainable machine learning identifies features and thresholds predictive of immunotherapy response.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

dCas9-metabolic enzyme fusions modulate global and locus-specific gene expression.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Modeling Dynamics, Cell Type Specificity, and Perturbations in Gene Regulatory Networks.

Annual review of genomics and human genetics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

11.0K

Defining Reprogramming Checkpoints from Single-Cell Analyses of Induced Pluripotency.

Khoa A Tran1, Stefan J Pietrzak1, Nur Zafirah Zaidan1

  • 1Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Cell Reports
|May 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation by profiling individual cells. They discovered that somatic gene silencing and pluripotency gene activation can occur independently, with sustained co-expression of key genes driving iPSC formation.

More Related Videos

Derivation and Characterization of a Transgene-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line and Conversion into Defined Clinical-grade Conditions
10:48

Derivation and Characterization of a Transgene-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line and Conversion into Defined Clinical-grade Conditions

Published on: November 26, 2014

8.2K
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System
11:48

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System

Published on: November 13, 2009

25.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

11.0K
Derivation and Characterization of a Transgene-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line and Conversion into Defined Clinical-grade Conditions
10:48

Derivation and Characterization of a Transgene-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line and Conversion into Defined Clinical-grade Conditions

Published on: November 26, 2014

8.2K
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System
11:48

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System

Published on: November 13, 2009

25.0K

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation from somatic cells is inefficient and heterogeneous.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for improving reprogramming efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of cellular reprogramming by analyzing individual cells.
  • To identify key factors and pathways that enhance iPSC generation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell transcriptome profiling of reprogramming cells.
  • Use of epigenomic modifiers and signaling molecules to enhance efficiency.
  • Regulatory network analysis.

Main Results:

  • Somatic gene inactivation and pluripotency gene upregulation occur independently, challenging established temporal orders.
  • Sustained co-expression of Epcam, Nanog, and Sox2 is essential for progression to iPSCs.
  • Ehf, Phlda2, and Eif4a1 play critical roles in robust iPSC generation.
  • Signaling inhibition by 2i represses somatic expression, while ascorbic acid and a Dot1L inhibitor synergize for pluripotency gene activation.

Conclusions:

  • Reprogramming is a flexible process with independent initiation events.
  • Specific gene combinations and molecular interventions can significantly improve iPSC generation.
  • This study provides a deeper mechanistic understanding of cellular reprogramming.