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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

13.9K
The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

781
Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
781
Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
For instance, the range rule of thumb can be used to find the tallest and the shortest student in a class, given the mean student height and standard deviation. If the mean student height is 1.6 m and the standard deviation, s is 0.05 m, the height...
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Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
713

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Switchable Acoustic and Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo Small-animal Blood Vasculature Imaging
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Tracking cryptic animals using acoustic multilateration: A system for long-range wolf detection.

Arik Kershenbaum1, Jessica L Owens2, Sara Waller3

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a GPS-synchronized howl multilateration system to track elusive wild wolves (Canis lupus). This non-invasive method accurately locates wolves, providing crucial data for conservation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife biology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Conservation technology

Background:

  • Studying wild animal behavior necessitates non-invasive observation methods.
  • Elusive species like wolves (Canis lupus) pose significant challenges for traditional tracking.
  • Existing methods like GPS collars have limitations such as battery life and capture-related stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel system for accurately locating wild wolves using their vocalizations.
  • To overcome the limitations of current animal tracking technologies for difficult-to-study species.
  • To provide a non-invasive tool for wildlife research and conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multilateration system based on time-of-arrival differences of howl vocalizations.
  • Synchronized multiple acoustic recorders using Global Positioning System (GPS) time signals.
  • Deployed the system in Yellowstone National Park for two years to collect howling data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully recorded over 1200 instances of wolf howling behavior.
  • Achieved accurate wolf localization, with location error as low as approximately 20 meters.
  • Enabled location determination up to 7 kilometers away, often during nighttime or when human observation is impossible.

Conclusions:

  • The GPS-synchronized howl multilateration system offers a viable, non-invasive alternative for tracking wolves.
  • This technology provides valuable, otherwise unobtainable, location data crucial for wolf conservation and management.
  • The system demonstrates significant potential for studying other elusive, vocal wildlife species.