Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

74.4K
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
74.4K
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

110.7K
Overview
110.7K
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

86.4K
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
86.4K
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

131.7K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
131.7K
Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors01:07

Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors

31.6K
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
31.6K
Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

26.9K
Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
26.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thalamic hubs as early sources of global neuronal synchrony in absence epilepsy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Acute Single-Unit Multi-Electrode Recordings from the Brainstem of Head-Fixed Mice.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2024
Same author

Suppress Globally or Seize Locally: Cortical Network Activity Explains Seizure Diversity Among <i>Kcnt1</i> Mutants.

Epilepsy currents·2024
Same author

Anatomical Substrates of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Rebound in a Rodent Model of Post-sevoflurane Sleep Disruption.

Anesthesiology·2023
Same author

The Beginning of Everything: Finding the Seizure Onset.

Epilepsy currents·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates
12:47

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

Published on: March 20, 2014

14.6K

Astrocyte Receptor Rebirth.

Kathryn Salvati, Mark Beenhakker

    Epilepsy Currents
    |May 10, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in astrocytes is upregulated during epilepsy development. Knocking out mGluR5 impairs high-frequency glutamate uptake, suggesting a role in regulating glutamate transporter function during epileptogenesis.

    More Related Videos

    Analysis of Schwann-astrocyte Interactions Using In Vitro Assays
    10:17

    Analysis of Schwann-astrocyte Interactions Using In Vitro Assays

    Published on: January 13, 2011

    12.6K
    Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes
    11:25

    Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes

    Published on: January 19, 2013

    94.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates
    12:47

    Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

    Published on: March 20, 2014

    14.6K
    Analysis of Schwann-astrocyte Interactions Using In Vitro Assays
    10:17

    Analysis of Schwann-astrocyte Interactions Using In Vitro Assays

    Published on: January 13, 2011

    12.6K
    Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes
    11:25

    Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes

    Published on: January 19, 2013

    94.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Epilepsy Research
    • Astrocyte Biology

    Background:

    • Astrocyte expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is observed in epilepsy patients and animal models.
    • The functional role of astrocyte mGluR5 during epilepsy development is not well understood.
    • Astrocyte mGluR5 expression is typically transient, limited to early development in rodents and humans.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role and functional consequences of astrocyte mGluR5 during epilepsy development.
    • To determine if astrocyte mGluR5 expression and function change during epileptogenesis.
    • To examine the impact of astrocyte mGluR5 signaling on glutamate uptake in an epilepsy model.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
    • Generated a selective and conditional knockout of mGluR5 specifically in astrocytes.
    • Measured mGluR5-dependent calcium transients in astrocytes.
    • Assessed glutamate clearance rates via astrocyte glutamate transporters under high-frequency stimulation.

    Main Results:

    • Astrocyte mGluR5 expression and function significantly increase during epileptogenesis in a mouse epilepsy model.
    • mGluR5 function persists in astrocytes throughout epileptogenesis, unlike in non-epileptic animals.
    • Conditional knockout of astrocyte mGluR5 impaired high-frequency glutamate clearance, suggesting a role in regulating transporter function.

    Conclusions:

    • Astrocyte mGluR5 signaling is dynamically regulated during epilepsy development.
    • Persisting astrocyte mGluR5 during epileptogenesis may play a crucial role in modulating glutamate homeostasis.
    • Targeting astrocyte mGluR5 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for epilepsy by influencing glutamate clearance.