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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

444
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
444
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

412
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
412
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

377
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
377
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

485
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
485
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

457
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
457
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

882
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
882

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Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples
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Multi-sample deformability cytometry of cancer cells.

Shamim M Ahmmed1, Swastika S Bithi1, Adity A Pore1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.

APL Bioengineering
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new microfluidic technique, multi-sample deformability cytometry (MS-DC), measures cell deformability to understand cancer metastasis. This high-throughput method analyzes mechanical phenotypes of tumor cells across multiple samples simultaneously.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cell deformability is increasingly recognized for its role in cancer metastasis and diagnostics.
  • High-throughput methods for characterizing cell deformability are crucial for cancer research applications, including patient sample analysis and drug discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a microfluidic technique, multi-sample deformability cytometry (MS-DC), for simultaneous, high-throughput measurement of cell deformability.
  • To investigate the correlation between cell deformability and metastatic potential in breast and prostate cancer cells.
  • To assess the impact of cytoskeletal drug interventions on cancer cell deformability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed multi-sample deformability cytometry (MS-DC), a microfluidic technique utilizing on-chip reservoirs and distributed pressure control.
  • Processed cells at rates of O(100) cells per second with a data processing speed of 10 minutes per sample.
  • Validated MS-DC using over 50 cell samples, including various cancer cell lines and drug-treated cells.

Main Results:

  • Cell deformability correlated with metastatic potential in breast and prostate cancer cells, though not with molecular histotype.
  • Highly metastatic breast cancer cells exhibited greater deformability than weakly metastatic ones; conversely, highly metastatic prostate cancer cells showed lower deformability.
  • Disruption of actin, microtubule networks, and actomyosin contractility increased cancer cell deformability, while stabilization had no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • MS-DC is a powerful tool for simultaneously phenotyping tumor cells across multiple samples.
  • Cell mechanical properties, specifically deformability, offer insights into cancer metastatic potential.
  • Cytoskeletal dynamics significantly influence cancer cell deformability, providing potential targets for therapeutic interventions.