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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Resonance02:52

Resonance

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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[Magnetic resonance angiography without contrast agents].

M Bock1

  • 1Klinik für Radiologie - Medizin Physik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. michael.bock@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

Der Radiologe
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Minimize contrast agents in MR angiography by using native MRI techniques. These methods reliably visualize vessels like cerebral and coronary arteries, offering insights into blood flow dynamics.

Keywords:
Arterial spin labelingContrast mechanismsMagnetic resonance angiographyPhase contrastTime-of-flight

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Minimizing contrast agent use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) angiography is crucial.
  • Exploring non-contrast enhanced techniques is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of existing native MRI techniques for MR angiography.
  • To highlight the advantages of non-contrast enhanced angiography.

Main Methods:

  • Time-of-flight MRA: Utilizes the hyperintensity of unsaturated flowing blood.
  • Phase contrast MRA: Detects phase shifts induced by blood flow.
  • Arterial spin labeling: Dynamically images bolus passage via selective inversion.
  • Specialized MRI sequences: Leverage inherent blood contrast properties.

Main Results:

  • Native MRI angiography techniques can reliably delineate major vessels.
  • Demonstrated visualization of cerebral arteries and coronary arteries without contrast agents.
  • Provided additional valuable information regarding blood flow dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Native MRI angiography is a reliable alternative to contrast-enhanced methods.
  • Proper selection of native techniques ensures accurate vessel delineation.
  • Offers comprehensive vascular and hemodynamic assessment.