[Lower extremity artery disease. Angioplasty and stenting in 2019.]

Area of Science:

• Vascular Medicine
• Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

• Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is a prevalent and often overlooked condition.
• Endovascular techniques have significantly advanced LEAD management, though vascular surgery remains crucial in specific scenarios.
• Management decisions require careful consideration of patient-specific factors, disease characteristics, and available expertise due to a lack of comparative trials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of early detection and optimal management of LEAD.
• To emphasize the role of a multidisciplinary team in addressing the complexities of LEAD.
• To underscore the significant cardiovascular and amputation risks associated with LEAD, particularly chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Main Methods:

• Review of current endovascular techniques and surgical interventions for LEAD.
• Discussion of parameters influencing treatment choices, including patient comorbidities and disease severity.
• Emphasis on the collaborative approach involving various medical specialists.

Main Results:

• Endovascular techniques offer revolutionary management options for LEAD.
• Vascular surgery is indicated in select cases, sometimes in hybrid procedures with angioplasty-stenting.
• Optimal management necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach, integrating medical treatment, prevention, and exercise.

Conclusions:

• Early detection and comprehensive management by a multidisciplinary team are essential for patients with LEAD.
• Patients with LEAD face high risks of cardiovascular events and amputation, demanding swift and optimal intervention.
• Integrated care, including medical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and timely revascularization, is paramount for improving outcomes in LEAD.