Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.8K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.9K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.9K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.9K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.9K
Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

91.5K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
91.5K
Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

43.1K
The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
43.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporally Delayed Deployment of Photo-Responsive Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks Toward Neural Interfaces.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026
Same author

Phase-Change Silicone Elastomers for Tough, Soft Actuators.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Controlled Release of Microorganisms from Engineered Living Materials.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Redefining the limits of actuating fibers via mesophase control: From contraction to elongation.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Azobenzene-Functionalized Semicrystalline Liquid Crystal Elastomer Springs for Underwater Soft Robotic Actuators.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024
Same author

Controlled release of microorganisms from engineered living materials.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same journal

Polarization-State-Dependent Charge Screening in Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal Memcapacitors Enabled by an IGZO Oxygen Reservoir Layer.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Enabling Closed-Loop Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Dynamic Network Strategy Based on Cardanol-Derived Amines and Lignin-Derived Carbonates.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Unconventional Phase Shift in Spin Hall Magnetoresistance of Antiferromagnetic Insulators.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

The Evolving Landscape of Terahertz Biosensing: From Sensitivity to Precision.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

π-π Stacking Enhanced Generation of Reactive Species in Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds under Solar Light.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same journal

Interfacial Engineering of Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Promoting Cellulose-to-Sorbitol Cascade Conversion.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

13.5K

Responsive, 3D Electronics Enabled by Liquid Crystal Elastomer Substrates.

Hyun Kim1, John Gibson2, Jimin Maeng1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new 3D electronics using liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) as dynamic substrates. These stretchable, responsive devices morph into complex shapes, enabling applications in wearables and sensors.

Keywords:
3D electronicsantennascapacitorsflexible electronicsliquid crystal elastomers

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

10.0K
High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

13.5K
Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

10.0K
High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Electronics Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional electronics are rigid and planar, limiting their application in dynamic environments.
  • Responsive polymer substrates offer potential for creating stretchable, 3D, and adaptive electronic devices.
  • Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are promising dynamic substrates due to their large reversible strain and stimulus-responsive properties controlled by molecular order.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of LCEs as dynamic substrates for fabricating electronic devices.
  • To demonstrate the creation of 3D morphing electronic devices from initially planar structures on LCEs.
  • To showcase the performance of LCE-based electronics, including deformation-tolerant components and temperature-responsive antennas.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing LCEs as substrates for electronic device fabrication.
  • Patterning molecular orientation (e.g., twisted nematic) within LCEs to induce specific 3D structures.
  • Integrating electronic components like conducting traces and capacitors onto LCE substrates.
  • Designing and testing cold temperature-responsive antennas on LCEs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated fabrication of deformation-tolerant conducting traces and capacitors on LCEs with minimal resistance/capacitance change under 100% strain.
  • Developed helical electronic devices by patterning twisted nematic LCEs, exhibiting high stretchability.
  • Created self-morphing LCE antennas that dynamically alter operating frequency with temperature changes (2.7 GHz at room temp to 3.3 GHz at -65 °C).

Conclusions:

  • LCEs serve as versatile dynamic substrates for creating advanced 3D, responsive electronic devices.
  • The developed LCE-based electronics exhibit excellent stretchability and tunable properties.
  • Potential applications include wearable/implantable electronics and cold-chain monitoring RFID sensors.