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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Related Experiment Video

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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Genetics of the Human Interferon Lambda Region.

Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson1

  • 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in human type-III interferons (IFN-λ) impact IFN-λ4 production. These IFNL genetic variants influence viral clearance, notably for hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Keywords:
GWASHCVIFN-λ4IFNL4interferon lambdatype-III interferonviral clearance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Human genetics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human populations exhibit genetic polymorphism in type-III interferon (IFN-λ) production.
  • Individuals of African ancestry typically produce all four IFN-λ types, while those of European and Asian ancestry often lack functional IFN-λ4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic landscape of the human IFNL locus.
  • To emphasize the genetic control of IFN-λ4 production and activity.
  • To explore associations with viral clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic variants within the IFNL region.
  • Analysis of genetic control over IFN-λ4 production and activity.
  • Examination of associations with viral clearance, including hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Main Results:

  • Genetic variants in the IFNL region, controlling IFN-λ4, are strongly linked to HCV clearance.
  • Human evolutionary history suggests IFN-λ4 activity may be detrimental, leading to its loss or restriction.

Conclusions:

  • The IFNL genetic locus harbors variants that significantly impact IFN-λ4 function and viral clearance.
  • These genetic variations are increasingly associated with diverse disease conditions beyond HCV.