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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

48.0K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Types of Hormones02:13

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Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
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Types of Hormones01:21

Types of Hormones

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Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
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Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
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Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

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Reg3 Proteins as Gut Hormones?

Jae Hoon Shin1, Randy J Seeley1,2

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Endocrinology
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Reg3 proteins, a type of antimicrobial peptide, protect the gut barrier. Emerging research suggests these Reg3 proteins may also have metabolic functions and act as gut hormones.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • C-type lectins of the Reg3 family are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
  • Reg3 proteins primarily function in the small intestine to defend against microorganisms.
  • They play roles in host defense, microbiota segregation, and immune responses to pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the metabolic functions of Reg3 proteins.
  • To explore the potential of Reg3 proteins to act as gut hormones.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Reg3 family proteins.
  • Analysis of existing research on Reg3's role in host defense and metabolism.

Main Results:

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Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells

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  • Reg3 proteins exhibit bactericidal activity, contributing to gut barrier function.
  • Evidence suggests Reg3 family's involvement in segregating microbiota and modulating immune responses.
  • Growing literature points to potential metabolic roles and gut hormone functions of Reg3 proteins.

    • Conclusions:

    • Reg3 proteins are crucial for innate immunity and gut homeostasis.
    • Further research into the metabolic functions and hormonal roles of Reg3 proteins is warranted.