Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
05:43
Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
Published on: January 13, 2023
4.2K
4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects.
Yuan Siang Lui1, Wan Ting Sow1, Lay Poh Tan1
1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
Acta Biomaterialia
|May 10, 2019
Summary
Four-dimensional (4D) printing advances biomedical applications by incorporating time into 3D printing. This evolution utilizes stimulus-responsive materials to create dynamic constructs that mimic human tissues for improved healing and regeneration.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Additive Manufacturing
Background:
- Traditional 3D printing struggles to replicate dynamic human tissues due to static constructs.
- The incorporation of time as the fourth dimension is crucial for addressing tissue healing and regeneration.
- Four-dimensional (4D) printing emerges as a significant advancement, evolving from 3D printing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the integration of time-dependent stimulus-responsive materials in 4D printing.
- To focus on the interactions between various stimuli (physical, chemical, biological) and stimulus-responsive materials.
- To discuss potential biomedical applications, technical considerations, and future outlook of 4D printing.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on 4D printing and stimulus-responsive materials.
- Analysis of interactions between physical, chemical, and biological stimuli with materials.
- Exploration of advanced additive manufacturing techniques for 4D printing.
Main Results:
- 4D printing utilizes stimulus-responsive materials to create dynamic, time-dependent constructs.
- Successful integration of "time" as the fourth dimension in additive manufacturing.
- Demonstration of sophisticated "hardware" printers capable of multi-printing with mathematical-predicted designs.
Conclusions:
- 4D printing represents a significant evolution from 3D printing for biomedical applications.
- Stimulus-responsive materials are key to achieving dynamic transformations in 4D printed constructs.
- Future research should focus on optimizing material-stimuli interactions and exploring novel applications.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Quantitative Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interaction
1.7K
The receptor occupancy theory connects a drug's response to the number of occupied receptors. With higher drug concentrations, more receptors are occupied, leading to increased responses. The formation of drug-receptor complexes involves association and dissociation rates, which reach equilibrium when the forward and backward reactions are equal. The equilibrium association constant (Ka) and its inverse, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), indicate drug affinity. Higher Ka and lower...
1.7K
01:19Members Made of Elastoplastic Material
384
The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
As the bending moment...
384
01:20Genetic Material
3.3K
Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
3.3K
01:11Bending of Members Made of Several Materials
574
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
574
01:09Bending of Material: Problem Solving
504
In this lesson, determine the ratio of the maximum bending moments applied to two metal pipes, given that both pipes can withstand a maximum stress of 100 MPa. Both pipes have an outer radius of 1.8 cm. Pipe A has an inner radius of 1.5 cm, and Pipe B has an inner radius of 1 cm. The ratio of the maximum bending moment applied to two metallic pipes, each with a different inner and outer radius, is determined by considering their dimensions. The inner radius of the first pipe is 1.5 cm, and for...
504
01:24Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials
476
The study of solid circular shafts under stress shows that within the elastic limit, stress increases directly to the distance from the shaft's center. This relationship holds until the shaft reaches a critical point of stress, beyond which it begins to yield, marking the transition from elastic to plastic deformation. At this crucial juncture, the maximum torque the shaft can endure without permanent deformation is determined, signifying the limit of its elastic behavior.
As torque on the...
As torque on the...
476