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A meta-analysis of the object-based compatibility effect.

Shaheed Azaad1, Simon M Laham1, Phebe Shields1

  • 1Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

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|May 10, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This meta-analysis found a small but significant object-based compatibility effect (CE) in response times. Results suggest spatial compatibility, not affordance perception, primarily drives this effect, with nuances in study design influencing its magnitude.

Keywords:
Affordance-compatibilityAffordancesHand-handle alignmentObject-based compatibility

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Perception and Action

Background:

  • The object-based compatibility effect (CE) in response time (RT) tasks is often linked to affordance perception.
  • Replication failures and ambiguity between affordance and spatial compatibility accounts necessitate further investigation.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of object-based CE is crucial for its application in human-computer interaction and cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the overall magnitude of the object-based CE through meta-analysis.
  • To test whether affordance or spatial compatibility accounts better explain the observed effects.
  • To identify potential moderators influencing the object-based CE.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted on 88 independent effects from 2359 participants.
  • Effect sizes were calculated and analyzed for overall significance and heterogeneity.
  • Moderator analyses examined factors such as task relevance, stimulus type, object centering, and response mode.

Main Results:

  • A small but significant object-based CE was estimated (ES = 0.106), though publication bias may inflate this.
  • Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies.
  • Compatibility effects were larger for non-functional decisions, silhouette stimuli, and centered objects, supporting a spatial compatibility account.

Conclusions:

  • The findings predominantly support a spatial compatibility explanation for object-based CEs over affordance perception.
  • Study design elements, including stimulus type and object presentation, significantly moderate the effect.
  • The robustness and underlying mechanisms of object-based CE require careful consideration in future research and experimental design.