Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

Hierarchy of Motor Control

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Neural Control of Respiration

Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A preliminary study on the effects of deposition pressure on the quality and intensity of eccrine fingermarks on paper.

Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society·2026

Same author

Effects of acute warm-up intensity and baseline fitness on running performance in adolescents.

Frontiers in physiology·2026

Same author

Transcriptomic profiling of an in vivo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma model reveals molecular programs underlying CNS dissemination.

Annals of hematology·2026

Same author

Cellulose-enabled Hydrovoltaic Energy Generation: from Molecular and Materials Design to Device Integration.

Nano-micro letters·2026

Same author

Performance of a quality control center supporting national antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

British journal of biomedical science·2026

Same author

JAK-STAT3-MYC axis defines pathogenic stem cell-like memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Neural mechanism underlying self-controlled feedback on motor skill learning.

Yujin Kim¹, Jingu Kim¹, Hyunji Kim¹

¹Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea.

Human Movement Science

|May 10, 2019

Summary

Self-controlled (SC) feedback enhances motor skill learning by promoting active information processing and motivation. This neurophysiological study reveals brain activity differences linked to SC feedback

Keywords:

ERP Error processing Feedback processing Motor learning Self-controlled feedback Stimulus processing

More Related Videos

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Learning
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Self-controlled (SC) feedback is known to improve motor skill acquisition compared to externally controlled feedback.
The underlying neural mechanisms driving these learning advantages remain incompletely understood.
Understanding these mechanisms can optimize training protocols and enhance skill development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neurophysiological basis of the learning benefits associated with self-controlled (SC) feedback.
To compare brain activity patterns between participants receiving SC feedback and those receiving yoked (YK) feedback during a motor task.
To elucidate how SC feedback influences neural processing of stimuli and feedback information.

Main Methods:

Forty-two healthy participants (24 female, 18 male) were randomly assigned to either a self-controlled (SC) or yoked (YK) feedback group.
Participants performed a 6-key-pressing task with a specified goal movement time.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to analyze neural responses to stimuli and feedback.

Main Results:

The SC group showed significantly better performance in transfer tasks, indicating enhanced generalization of learning.
Event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed distinct patterns: larger frontal P3 amplitudes in the SC group and larger parietal P3 amplitudes in the YK group.
A larger post-response error positivity (EP) amplitude was observed in the YK group compared to the SC group.

Conclusions:

Self-controlled feedback appears to facilitate more active processing of task-related stimuli and feedback, potentially boosting learner motivation and engagement.
The observed neurophysiological differences, particularly in P3 amplitudes and error positivity, provide a neural explanation for the efficacy of SC feedback in motor skill learning.
These findings suggest that empowering learners with control over feedback enhances neural mechanisms crucial for effective skill acquisition and retention.