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Analyses of the essential C82 subunit uncovered some differences in RNA polymerase III transcription between <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> and <i>Leishmania major</i> - CORRIGENDUM.

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Nucleolar Structure and Function in Trypanosomatid Protozoa.

Santiago Martínez-Calvillo1, Luis E Florencio-Martínez2, Tomás Nepomuceno-Mejía3

  • 1Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico. scalv@unam.mx.

Cells
|May 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nucleolus in early-branching eukaryotes like trypanosomatids has unique rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. This review details its structure, function, and specific adaptations in these parasites.

Keywords:
Pol InucleolusrRNAribosome biogenesissnoRNAsnoRNPtrypanosomatid parasites

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Parasitology
  • Eukaryotic Evolution

Background:

  • The nucleolus is a key nuclear organelle involved in ribosome biogenesis.
  • Trypanosomatids (e.g., Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania) are early-branching eukaryotes with unique biological features.
  • Understanding the nucleolus in these parasites offers insights into fundamental eukaryotic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the structure and function of the nucleolus in trypanosomatid parasites.
  • To highlight unique aspects of rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in these organisms.
  • To discuss additional nucleolar functions in trypanosomatids.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on trypanosomatid nucleoli.
  • Analysis of rRNA gene structure and processing pathways.
  • Examination of cryo-electron microscopy data for ribosome structure.
  • Comparative analysis with nucleolar functions in other eukaryotes.

Main Results:

  • Trypanosomatid nucleoli are single, persistent during closed mitosis, and lack fibrillar centers.
  • These parasites have fewer rRNA genes with large, specific expansion segments.
  • The 28S rRNA is fragmented, necessitating additional processing steps and a high number of snoRNAs.
  • Ribosome structure and biogenesis exhibit trypanosomatid-specific features.

Conclusions:

  • The trypanosomatid nucleolus displays significant divergence from other eukaryotes, particularly in rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis.
  • Unique rRNA fragmentation and extensive snoRNA usage are key adaptations.
  • Further research into nucleolar functions in trypanosomatids can illuminate eukaryotic evolution and parasite biology.