Experimental encephalitozoonosis in neonatal dogs

The in vivo infection of neonatal dogs by the microsporidian protozoan parasite, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, was studied. Microscopic examination of tissues from infected animals showed granulomatous nephritis, meningoencephalitis, hepatitis, and pneumonitis. A large component of the inflammatory infiltrate consisted of plasma cells and lymphocytes. In addition, hyperplasia of B-lymphocyte-dependent regions of lymph nodes and erythrophagocytosis were consistently seen in infected dogs. Infected dogs developed lymphocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia, anti-encephalitozoon antibodies, and an antigen-specific blastogenic response to E. cuniculi spores. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to the lectin phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) were depressed compared to controls. Dogs dying during the 2-month experimental trial were bacteremic. The findings of these experiments suggest that postnatal infection results in a demonstrable although seemingly ineffective immune and inflammatory response without detectable clinical disease.