Ruptured omphalocele: Diagnosis and management

Omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect which can be classified as small, giant, or ruptured. Ruptured omphaloceles require prompt diagnosis and management to prevent associated morbidity and mortality and represent a challenging surgical condition. This review serves to define the etiology, diagnosis, initial resuscitation, and surgical therapy employed in the treatment of ruptured omphalocele. Resuscitation should focus on maintaining hydration and normothermia. Broad spectrum antibiotics should be initiated. Similar to giant omphaloceles, procedural intervention includes primary closure, silo, synthetic and biologic mesh, negative pressure wound therapy, and topical agents. Despite advances in neonatal care, the prognosis remains guarded and mortality is high.