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Insights into embryology and development of omphalocele

Faraz A Khan1, Asra Hashmi2, Saleem Islam3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|May 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Congenital abdominal wall defects, including gastroschisis and omphalocele, are common birth defects. This review explores the normal and abnormal embryonic development mechanisms of the ventral abdominal wall.

Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Congenital abdominal wall defects are frequent human birth defects, occurring in approximately 1 in 2000 live births.
  • Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the primary types of abdominal wall defects, often discussed collectively but representing distinct entities.
  • The exact embryological mechanisms underlying omphalocele development remain unclear, with theories often centering on disruptions in normal embryonic development progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the known mechanisms involved in the normal development of the ventral abdominal wall.
  • To explore and elucidate the embryological mechanisms contributing to abnormal ventral abdominal wall development, specifically focusing on omphalocele.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature and research.
  • The review focuses on established embryological principles and developmental biology.
  • It consolidates information on both normal and abnormal ventral abdominal wall formation.

Main Results:

  • Normal ventral abdominal wall development involves a complex sequence of embryonic events.
  • Abnormalities in these developmental processes can lead to congenital abdominal wall defects like omphalocele.
  • Current understanding points to failures in normal embryonic progression as a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of normal ventral abdominal wall development is crucial for comprehending congenital defects.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific embryological pathways leading to omphalocele.
  • This review provides a foundational summary of current knowledge on ventral abdominal wall development and malformations.

Keywords:
Abdominal wall developmentCongenital abdominal wall defectOmphalocele

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