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Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility in Children

M Elise Graham1, Marshall E Smith2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner's Road East, London, Ontario N6A 5W9, Canada.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|May 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) in children, often caused by iatrogenic injury, impacts voice, swallowing, and breathing. Laryngeal reinnervation offers a promising solution for functional improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) in children significantly affects laryngeal function, impacting voice, swallowing, and breathing.
  • Iatrogenic injury is the most common cause of UVFP in pediatric patients.
  • Diagnosis requires a thorough history, physical examination including flexible nasopharyngoscopy, and potentially imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approach for pediatric UVFP.
  • To discuss current management strategies for UVFP in children.
  • To highlight the role of laryngeal reinnervation in improving vocal fold function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic workup for pediatric UVFP.
  • Analysis of management options, including conservative and surgical interventions.
  • Evaluation of laryngeal reinnervation as a therapeutic modality.

Main Results:

  • UVFP in children necessitates a comprehensive evaluation to identify the cause and extent of dysfunction.
  • Management strategies focus on improving voice quality, reducing aspiration risk, and enhancing the child's quality of life.
  • Laryngeal reinnervation techniques are emerging as effective options for restoring vocal fold bulk and tone.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of pediatric UVFP is crucial for effective management.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is often required to address the complex needs of children with UVFP.
  • Laryngeal reinnervation holds significant potential for long-term functional recovery in pediatric UVFP.

Keywords:
DysphoniaRecurrent laryngeal nerve injuryUnilateral vocal fold immobility

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