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Cannabis Use Does Not Affect Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Jason M Jennings1, Marc R Angerame2, Catherine L Eschen3
1Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, CO; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO.
The Journal of Arthroplasty
|May 11, 2019
Summary
Cannabis use did not significantly impact short-term total knee arthroplasty outcomes. This study found no adverse or beneficial effects in patients using cannabis after TKA.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Pain Management
- Cannabinoid Research
Background:
- Increasing cannabis use post-legalization necessitates understanding its impact on surgical outcomes.
- Self-reported cannabis consumption is a growing trend among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the short-term outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients who self-report cannabis use.
- To compare TKA results between cannabis users and a matched control group.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 71 primary unilateral TKA patients reporting cannabis use with minimum 1-year follow-up.
- Exclusion of patients with history of opioid consumption, alcohol abuse, tobacco, or illicit drug use.
- Matched control group analysis based on age, BMI, gender, smoking status, and insurance type; assessed outcomes including Knee Society Scores (KSS), range of motion, and Veterans RAND-12 scores.
Main Results:
- No significant differences observed in length of stay, in-hospital morphine equivalents, or postoperative range of motion between cannabis users and non-users.
- Knee Society Scores (KSS) and Veterans RAND-12 scores (mental and physical components) showed no significant mean differences post-surgery.
- Readmission and reoperation rates were comparable between the cannabis-using group and the control group.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence suggests cannabis use does not negatively or positively influence short-term outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty.
- Further research is required to establish the efficacy and safety of cannabis in multimodal pain management strategies post-TKA.
- Orthopedic surgeons should await further evidence before endorsing cannabis for pain management after TKA.
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