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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

[Torticollis in children].

M Götze¹, S Hagmann²

¹Klinik für Orthopädie & Unfallchirurgie, Sektion Kinderorthopädie, Neuroorthopädie & Fußchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland. marco.goetze@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

|May 11, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Torticollis, a common neck deformity in children, has various causes. Understanding congenital muscular torticollis and acquired forms is key to effective diagnosis and preventing long-term issues.

Keywords:

Cervical dystonia Congenital defects Head Klippel-Feil syndrome Treatment

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Orthopedics
Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

Torticollis is a frequent neck deformity in pediatric patients.
Causes vary in severity, impacting long-term outcomes and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of torticollis differential diagnoses in children.
To present a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm based on current literature.

Main Methods:

Literature review on pediatric torticollis.
Analysis of diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

Distinction between congenital and acquired torticollis, and painful vs. non-painful presentations.
Congenital muscular torticollis (0.3-1.9% incidence) is most common; Klippel-Feil syndrome is a key differential diagnosis.
Acquired torticollis often indicates severe underlying conditions requiring thorough investigation.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of diverse etiologies and treatments is crucial for optimal pediatric care.
Early and accurate diagnosis prevents long-term complications for affected children and families.