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[Predictive biomarkers in oncologic uropathology].

H Reis1, T Szarvas2,3, V Grünwald4

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum Essen, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland. Henning.Reis@uk-essen.de.

Der Pathologe
|May 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer are significant for prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in genitourinary cancers, with further predictive biomarkers under investigation for personalized therapies.

Keywords:
BiomarkerBladder cancerImmune therapyProstate cancerRenal cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Urologic oncology
  • Molecular pathology
  • Cancer biomarkers

Background:

  • Genitourinary tumors are prevalent.
  • Understanding of molecular drivers and predictive biomarkers has significantly advanced.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular developments and predictive biomarkers in urologic oncology.
  • To provide a future perspective on the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review.
  • Analysis of study data.
  • Expertise in urinary system, kidney, and prostate tumors.

Main Results:

  • Molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC) correlate with clinicopathological features and have prognostic significance.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) are crucial in urothelial carcinoma (UC), renal cell carcinoma, and some prostate cancers.
  • PD-L1 positivity (≥IC2/3, CPS ≥10) is key for first-line UC treatment; tumor mutational burden (TMB) significance is debated.

Conclusions:

  • Subgroups of renal cell and prostate carcinomas with DNA repair alterations may benefit from targeted therapies (PARP inhibitors, platinum chemotherapy).
  • Sophisticated molecular analyses are essential for routine implementation.
  • The field of genitourinary pathology is rapidly evolving with new molecular insights.