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Related Concept Videos

Unusual Results01:16

Unusual Results

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Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value =...
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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z Scores and Unusual Values01:07

z Scores and Unusual Values

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The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
 This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst
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An unusual rectal duplication cyst.

Sofia Anastasiadou1,2, Paris Tekkis3,4,5, Christos Kontovounisios3,4,5

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial Healthcare Trust, London, UK. sofia.anastasiadou@nhs.net.

Surgical Case Reports
|May 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a rare double rectal duplicate cyst, a congenital gastrointestinal anomaly. Surgical excision via a posterior approach proved effective for this unique presentation.

Keywords:
Gastrointestinal congenital cystRectal duplication cystRectal massRetrorectal development cyst

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Anomalies

Background:

  • Rectal duplication cysts are uncommon congenital gastrointestinal malformations.
  • These cysts exhibit diverse clinical presentations necessitating varied management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a double rectal duplicate cyst.
  • To emphasize the varied presentations of rectal cysts.
  • To demonstrate effective management of double rectal cysts.

Main Methods:

  • A case of a double rectal duplicate cyst discovered incidentally via CT scan is presented.
  • The patient underwent surgical excision using a posterior approach.
  • Intraoperative findings revealed a double cyst, both removed via a midline incision.

Main Results:

  • The CT scan initially identified a single rectal duplicate cyst.
  • Intraoperative discovery confirmed a double rectal duplicate cyst.
  • Post-operative CT confirmed complete excision of both cysts.

Conclusions:

  • Literature review found no prior reports of double rectal duplicate cysts.
  • Double rectal duplicate cysts can be effectively managed similarly to single cysts.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering varied presentations of rectal duplication cysts.