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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Gliosarcoma: distinct molecular pathways and genomic alterations identified by DNA copy number/SNP microarray

Lindsey Lowder1, Jennifer Hauenstein2, Ashley Woods3

  • 1Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. lolowde@emory.edu.

Journal of Neuro-Oncology
|May 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Gliosarcoma, a glioblastoma variant, shows frequent DNA copy number losses, particularly on chromosomes 9 and 10. These alterations, along with specific molecular pathways, may drive gliosarcoma development and offer therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
EGFRGlioblastomaGliomaGliosarcomaMicroarrayOncoscan

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gliosarcoma is a rare and aggressive histologic variant of glioblastoma (GBM).
  • It carries a poor prognosis with median survival under one year.
  • Standard treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but no cure exists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze DNA copy number (CN) alterations in gliosarcoma.
  • To identify molecular pathways associated with these CN changes.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for gliosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Cytogenomic DNA copy number (CN) microarray (OncoScan®) was performed on 18 gliosarcoma cases.
  • MetaCore™ enrichment analysis was used to identify associated molecular pathways.

Main Results:

  • Copy number loss was the most frequent alteration (57%), significantly exceeding amplifications and loss of heterozygosity.
  • Chromosomes 9 and 10 showed the highest number of losses, often involving CDKN2A/B.
  • Copy number gains (26.2%) were most common on chromosome 7, with pathways like HOXA, Rho GTPases, and EGFR implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Detected copy number alterations and pathways may be key drivers of gliosarcoma oncogenesis.
  • Findings provide a foundation for targeted molecular analysis and potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into these genomic alterations could lead to novel treatments for gliosarcoma.