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Evolution of the lumbosacral angle.

M M Abitbol

    American Journal of Physical Anthropology
    |March 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The lumbosacral angle (LSA) develops with age, increasing significantly in children. This spinal curvature is linked to upright posture and bipedal locomotion, not just growth factors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human Anatomy
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Developmental Pediatrics

    Background:

    • The lumbosacral angle (LSA) is a key anatomical feature influencing spinal biomechanics.
    • Understanding LSA development is crucial for assessing postural development in children and evolutionary adaptations in hominids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the developmental trajectory of the lumbosacral angle in children aged 0-5 years.
    • To explore the relationship between LSA formation and factors such as age, height, weight, and obstetrical conditions.
    • To correlate LSA development with the evolution of bipedal locomotion across mammalian species.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the lumbosacral angle in 131 children aged 0-5 years.
    • Comparison of LSA measurements with age, height, and weight data.

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  • Comparative anatomical review of LSA across various mammalian species, including primates and early hominids.

    • Main Results:

    • The LSA increases from an average of 20 degrees at birth to 70 degrees by age 5, stabilizing thereafter.
    • LSA development showed no significant correlation with increasing age, height, or weight, nor with obstetrical factors.
    • LSA is minimal in non-primate mammals and increases progressively through apes, australopithecines, and Homo sapiens, correlating with erect posture.

    Conclusions:

    • The formation and development of the lumbosacral angle are primarily driven by the acquisition of erect posture and bipedal locomotion.
    • The study suggests that the LSA in Homo sapiens is a marker of fully developed upright posture and efficient bipedalism.
    • Comparative analysis indicates that a smaller LSA in early hominids like Australopithecus afarensis reflects less developed erect posture and more primitive locomotion.