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Prevalence and risk factors for hearing loss in high-risk neonates in Germany

Kruthika Thangavelu1, Kyriakos Martakis2,3, Silke Fabian4

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Marburg, University of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|May 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Early identification of infant hearing loss is crucial. Craniofacial anomalies, hyperbilirubinaemia, and oxygen needs after 36 weeks are key risk factors for permanent hearing loss in high-risk neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Audiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Infant hearing loss diagnosis is often delayed, even with universal screening programs.
  • Identifying risk factors in high-risk neonates can guide targeted screening policies.
  • Early detection of hearing impairment is critical for infant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in a high-risk neonatal population.
  • To identify specific risk factors associated with permanent hearing loss in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 4512 neonates hospitalized between January 2009 and December 2014.
  • Inclusion in the hospital's newborn hearing screening program was required.
  • Multivariable regression analyses with lasso approach were utilized.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of hearing loss was 1.6%, with 0.9% having permanent hearing loss.
  • Significant risk factors for permanent hearing loss included craniofacial anomalies, hyperbilirubinaemia requiring exchange transfusion, oxygen supplementation post-36 weeks gestation, and hydrops fetalis.
  • Commonly cited risk factors like perinatal infections, meningitis, sepsis, and ototoxic drugs were not significantly associated in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Findings reinforce the importance of certain risk factors for neonatal hearing loss.
  • Targeted screening based on identified risk factors can improve early detection rates.
  • Further research may refine screening strategies for high-risk neonates.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hearing lossHigh-risk neonatesNewborn hearing screeningRisk factors

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