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Updated: Jan 25, 2026
Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures
Published on: August 5, 2021
Comparison of condylar position in orthognathic surgery cases treated with virtual surgical planning vs. conventional
Ying Wan1, Tate Jackson1, Chooryung Chung1
1Department of Orthodontics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Objectives:
To assess the effect of virtual surgical planning (VSP) on the accuracy of condylar seating in surgical cases involving Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO). An additional aim was to quantify differences between actual surgical outcome and planned virtual outcome.
Setting And Sample Population:
A private practice in Charlotte North Carolina. Twenty-five consecutively operated subjects prepared with VSP and twenty consecutively subjects operated with conventional surgery planning were enrolled.
Material And Methods:
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained before surgery (T1) and post-surgery after splint removal (T2). The T1 and T2 CBCTs were superimposed on the anterior cranial base using voxel-based registration. Three dimensional (3D) models were built and oriented to a 3D Frankfurt horizontal. Displacement of corresponding condylar landmarks was measured.
Results:
No significant difference was found between the VSP and conventional group in the magnitude of translation or rotation of the condyles following surgery. VSP surgical outcomes differed significantly from predicted positions at all landmarks. Virtual surgical planning does not prevent changes to condylar position as a result of surgery. Actual surgical results differed significantly from VSP-predicted outcomes.
Conclusions:
Virtual surgical planning did not reduce the changes to condylar position and angulation that resulted from conventionally planned orthognathic surgery.
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