A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Diabetic Models.

Area of Science:

• * Biomedical Sciences
• * Pharmacology
• * Endocrinology

Background:

• * Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia.
• * Effective primary prevention and early treatment are crucial to minimize long-term complications and costs associated with diabetes.
• * Limited effectiveness of current therapies necessitates the development of novel treatment strategies for diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review and analyze various in-vivo and in-vitro preclinical experimental models used for diabetes mellitus research.
• * To evaluate the mechanisms of anti-hyperglycemic drug effects in different animal models of diabetes.
• * To address the challenges in validating these models for preclinical assessments and the discovery of new therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

• * Comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
• * Data collection and analysis of studies published up to June 2018.
• * Review of hormone-, chemically-, and pathogen-induced animal models of diabetes mellitus.

Main Results:

• * A wide array of in-vivo and in-vitro models exist for evaluating anti-hyperglycemic drug mechanisms in diabetes.
• * The review addresses the specific advantages and limitations of each presented preclinical model.
• * Various models are utilized for hormone-, chemically-, and pathogen-induced diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions:

• * The review highlights the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of diabetes, focusing on model validation challenges for preclinical drug discovery.
• * It aims to contribute to the identification of novel drugs for more efficacious diabetes treatment with minimal side effects.
• * Future perspectives and ongoing research in diabetes preclinical models are discussed.