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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Experiments detecting variations in fundamental constants, scalar dark matter, or gravitational waves rely on precise measurements of material size.
  • Laser interferometers, optical cavities, and resonant-mass detectors are key experimental setups for these detections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide calculated and experiment-derived estimates for the dependence of lattice constants and bond lengths on fundamental constants alpha (α) and mu (μ).
  • To support the interpretation of precision experiments by quantifying material size changes.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations of lattice constants and bond lengths.
  • Experimental derivation of material property dependencies.
  • Analysis of selected solid-state materials and diatomic molecules.

Main Results:

  • Quantified estimates for the dependence of lattice constants on α and μ for various materials.
  • Quantified estimates for the dependence of diatomic molecule bond lengths on α and μ.
  • Data directly applicable to interpreting precision measurements in fundamental physics.

Conclusions:

  • The presented estimates are essential for accurately interpreting data from experiments searching for variations in fundamental constants, dark matter, and gravitational waves.
  • Understanding material responses to changes in fundamental constants is critical for advancing precision measurements.