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Clonal diversity of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) in prosthetic joint infections

C Liew-Littorin1, H Brüggemann2, S Davidsson3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.

Anaerobe
|May 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Cutibacterium acnes causing prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) originates from the patient's own skin microbiota, with no significant phylotype differences found between infected and healthy individuals. A detected plasmid did not appear to be a virulence marker for PJIs.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare but serious complications after joint replacement.
  • Cutibacterium acnes, a common skin bacterium, is implicated in invasive infections like PJIs.
  • The role of specific C. acnes phylotypes and plasmids in PJI pathogenesis is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize Cutibacterium acnes isolates from PJI patients and healthy individuals.
  • To determine the phylotype of C. acnes isolates and investigate the presence of a specific plasmid.
  • To ascertain if C. acnes causing PJIs differs from commensal skin strains.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular characterization of 140 C. acnes isolates from PJI patients and 56 from healthy individuals.
  • Single-locus sequence typing (SLST) was performed on all 196 isolates.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of a specific plasmid.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in sequence types were observed between C. acnes isolates from PJI patients and healthy controls.
  • The majority of patients with multiple tissue samples (19/27) showed consistent sequence types.
  • The plasmid was detected in isolates from both groups, suggesting it is not a specific virulence marker for PJIs.

Conclusions:

  • C. acnes causing PJIs likely originates from the patient's endogenous skin microbiota.
  • The presence of the investigated plasmid does not appear to correlate with PJI virulence.
  • Multiple sequence types in tissue samples may indicate contamination or polyclonal infection.
Keywords:
Cutibacterium acnesPlasmidPropionibacterium acnesProsthetic joint infectionSingle-locus sequence typing (SLST)

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