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On the challenges of greyscale-based quantifications using X-ray computed microtomography.

Yulai Zhang1, Peyman Mostaghimi1, Ryan T Armstrong1

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This study quantifies errors in X-ray computed microtomography (μ-CT) greyscale analysis for porous rocks. We offer practical solutions to improve accuracy in porosity, concentration, and diffusivity calculations from μ-CT data.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Materials Science
  • Imaging Science

Background:

  • X-ray computed microtomography (μ-CT) is crucial for characterizing porous media, often relying on image segmentation.
  • Low-resolution μ-CT images preclude segmentation, necessitating direct greyscale value quantification.
  • Uncertainties in greyscale-based quantifications for low-resolution μ-CT data remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and identify sources of error and uncertainty in greyscale-based quantitative calculations from μ-CT.
  • To assess the accuracy of porosity, concentration, and diffusivity estimations using greyscale values.
  • To provide practical recommendations for mitigating errors in μ-CT greyscale analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Performed time-series μ-CT scans of dry Bentheimer sandstone to assess greyscale stability.
  • Compared low-resolution porosity maps (with contrast agent) against high-resolution segmented data.
  • Tested linearity between contrast agent concentration and attenuation coefficients; simulated diffusion experiments.

Main Results:

  • Quantified errors in greyscale-based porosity, concentration, and diffusivity calculations from μ-CT.
  • Demonstrated variations in greyscale values due to instrumentation stability over sequential scans.
  • Identified challenges in dynamic imaging and subsequent numerical simulations for diffusion experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Greyscale-based quantification in μ-CT is susceptible to various errors, including those from instrumentation and imaging conditions.
  • Validation against high-resolution data and careful calibration are essential for reliable greyscale analysis.
  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of greyscale-based quantification challenges and offers practical solutions for improved μ-CT applications.