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Microbial assemblages reflect environmental heterogeneity in alpine streams.

Scott Hotaling1, Mary E Foley1,2, Lydia H Zeglin3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alpine stream microbial diversity is declining due to climate change. Icy seeps, however, may preserve biodiversity by offering a refuge against warming temperatures and habitat homogenization.

Keywords:
Glacier National ParkGrand Teton National ParkRocky Mountainsbiodiversityglacier-fed streamsicy seepsmicrobial biogeographyrock glacier biology

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Alpine streams host significant biodiversity, influenced by varied hydrological sources.
  • Climate change threatens alpine stream diversity by reducing meltwater and homogenizing habitats.
  • Microbial diversity in alpine streams remains understudied, despite its importance for understanding climate change impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the microbial diversity (Bacteria and Archaea) in diverse alpine streams and microhabitats.
  • To investigate how hydrological sources and microhabitats influence microbial community structure and diversity.
  • To assess the potential impact of climate change on alpine stream microbial ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze microbial communities in 13 Rocky Mountain streams.
  • Streams represented a range of sources: glaciers, snowfields, subterranean ice, and groundwater.
  • Microhabitats sampled included ice, biofilms, and streamwater.

Main Results:

  • Regional microbial diversity showed no difference between subranges, but significant variation existed among stream types and microhabitats.
  • Within-stream alpha diversity was highest in groundwater-fed springs and lowest in glacier-fed streams.
  • Microbial diversity was positively correlated with water temperature in streamwater and biofilm communities.
  • Icy seeps, fed by subterranean ice, were identified as a unique habitat with cold temperatures and high conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Declining meltwater sources are predicted to increase local diversity but decrease regional diversity in alpine streams.
  • Icy seeps, buffered by insulating debris, may act as crucial refugia for microbial biodiversity.
  • These findings highlight the vulnerability of alpine stream ecosystems to climate change and the importance of identifying resilient habitats.