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Cancers attributable to infections in Canada
Karena D Volesky1, Mariam El-Zein2, Eduardo L Franco1
1Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Preventive Medicine
|May 13, 2019
Summary
Seven carcinogenic infections caused an estimated 3.7% of Canadian adult cancers in 2015. Many of these infections, including human papillomavirus (HPV) and Helicobacter pylori, are preventable or treatable, offering key targets for cancer reduction.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Infections contribute to approximately 15% of global cancers, but Canadian-specific data on infection-attributable cancers are lacking.
- Understanding the burden of specific carcinogenic infections is crucial for public health strategies in Canada.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the number of infection-associated cancers diagnosed in Canadian adults in 2015.
- To identify the primary carcinogenic infections contributing to cancer incidence in Canada.
Main Methods:
- Calculated population attributable risks (PARs) and attributable cases for seven carcinogenic infections.
- Conducted a systematic literature search for infection prevalence and cancer-associated relative risks.
- Utilized prevalence among cancer cases to approximate PAR where mechanistic evidence supported attribution.
Main Results:
- An estimated 7,000+ cancer cases in Canadian adults in 2015 were attributable to seven infections.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) was linked to 3,828 cases, and Helicobacter pylori to 2,052 cases.
- These seven infections accounted for 3.7% of all cancers diagnosed in Canadian adults in 2015.
Conclusions:
- Carcinogenic infections represent a significant, yet often preventable, component of the Canadian cancer burden.
- Interventions like vaccination (HPV, HBV) and antibiotic therapy (H. pylori) are critical for reducing infection-caused cancers.
- Targeting these infections offers a promising strategy for decreasing cancer incidence in Canada.
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