Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
06:05
The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
Published on: February 19, 2021
1.6K
Update on Chemoreception: Influence on Cardiorespiratory Regulation and Pathophysiology
Jerome A Dempsey1, Curtis A Smith1
1Department Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 707 WARF Building, 610 N. Walnut Street, WI 53726, USA.
Clinics in Chest Medicine
|May 13, 2019
Summary
Recent findings show linked breathing and blood vessel control pathways that become overactive in chronic diseases. Modifying these overactive reflexes may help treat conditions like sleep apnea and heart failure.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Cardiovascular Science
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Chemoreceptor pathways regulate breathing and sympathetic vasomotor activity.
- These reflexes can become hypersensitive in chronic disease states.
- Interdependence exists between respiratory and vasomotor control systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the interdependence of chemoreceptor and vasomotor pathways.
- To understand reflex hypersensitization in chronic diseases.
- To propose therapeutic modifications for hyperreflexia.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent findings on chemoreceptor and muscle afferent function.
- Analysis of the hypersensitization of respiratory and vasomotor reflexes.
- Synthesis of data to inform treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated functional interdependence between breathing regulation and sympathetic vasomotor activity.
- Identified hypersensitization of these reflexes in chronic disease.
- Highlighted the role of hyperreflexia in various pathologies.
Conclusions:
- Therapeutic strategies targeting hyperreflexia in chemoreceptors and muscle afferents are recommended.
- Modifying these reflexes may offer new treatments for sleep apnea, hypertension, heart failure, and COPD.
- Understanding reflex interdependence is crucial for managing chronic diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
1.2K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.2K
01:22Pathophysiology of Vomiting
2.9K
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
2.9K
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
4.2K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
4.2K
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
1.4K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.4K
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
3.1K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
3.1K
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
2.8K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.8K