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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Magdy Younes1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|May 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity depends on the airway

Keywords:
ArousalEffective recruitment thresholdPhenotypingTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis has evolved significantly since 1978.
  • Airway collapsibility is necessary but not sufficient for OSA development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding OSA pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of the response to airway obstruction in OSA severity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on OSA pathogenesis.
  • Focus on phenotyping to identify factors influencing the response to obstruction.

Main Results:

  • The response to airway obstruction, not just collapsibility, dictates OSA severity and clinical features.
  • Phenotyping reveals factors determining stable versus unstable responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the response to obstruction is key to managing OSA.
  • Phenotyping may guide pharmacologic therapies for specific OSA patient groups.