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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Efficient Genome Editing of Mice by CRISPR Electroporation of Zygotes
Published on: December 16, 2022
Two-Step Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition with Two-Phase Parental Genome Contributions
Peng Zhao1, Xuemei Zhou1, Kun Shen1
1State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Abstract:
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is an essential developmental turning point in both plants and animals. In plants, the timing of MZT and parental contributions to the zygotic transcriptome remain unclear. Here, by overcoming technical limitations, we characterize the Arabidopsis egg cell, zygote, and embryo transcriptomes across multiple stages. Using these datasets, we demonstrate that MZT occurs during zygote development and is a two-step interrelated process of rapid maternal transcript degradation followed by large-scale de novo transcription. Parental contributions to the zygotic transcriptome are stage-dependent: the spherical zygote is characterized by a maternally dominated transcriptome, whereas the elongated zygote transcriptome shows equal parental contributions. Our results show that plant MZT is similar to that in animals, showing a typical two-step process, and that zygotic genome activation is required for zygote elongation and division, indicating that de novo transcripts are essential for the establishment of zygote polarity and embryogenesis promotion.
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