Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

2.7K
Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
2.7K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.3K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.3K
Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

75.9K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
75.9K
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

2.1K
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
2.1K
Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

2.8K
Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
2.8K
Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

5.6K
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Homoconjugation-induced enhancements of photophysical properties in donor-acceptor triptycenes arise from interplay between intramolecular charge transfer and exciton states.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Excited-State Antiaromaticity in Nonbenzenoid Aromatics: Examining the Dynamics of Intramolecular Proton Transfer With a Small Driving Force.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Enhancing the Red and Near Infrared OLED Efficiency of a TADF Emitter through an Internal Solvation Effect.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Effects of Donor Rigidity on Coumarin Delayed Emission: New Tricks from Old Materials.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Influence of Imidazole Substituent Bulkiness on [CuI(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N] Complexes with TADF Blue Solid-State Emission.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Isomeric Metal (N^C^N)Cl Coordination Complexes (Metal = Pt, Pd) with Multiple Conductance Pathways in Single-Molecule Junctions.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core
08:51

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

Published on: October 24, 2017

10.1K

Persistent Dimer Emission in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials.

Marc K Etherington1, Nadzeya A Kukhta1, Heather F Higginbotham1

  • 1Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces
|May 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent dimer states in carbazole-based emitters significantly alter emission color in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Understanding these dimer states is crucial for designing efficient, color-pure TADF materials.

More Related Videos

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

12.8K
Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

19.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core
08:51

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

Published on: October 24, 2017

10.1K
Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

12.8K
Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

19.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Carbazole-based molecules are widely used as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
  • Reported studies often observe concentration-mediated red shifts in emission spectra, but the underlying cause has remained unclear.
  • The precise control over emission color and efficiency in TADF devices is critical for advanced display and lighting applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of persistent dimer states on the emission color of carbazole-based TADF emitters.
  • To elucidate the role of these dimer species in photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties.
  • To explain the widely observed concentration-mediated red shift in evaporated thin films.

Main Methods:

  • Direct photoexcitation of dimer states in 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN).
  • Analysis of photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra.
  • Investigation of sample preparation effects on dimer formation and stability.

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in emission color were observed due to the presence of persistent dimer states in thin films and OLEDs.
  • The dimer species directly influences the color purity of both photoluminescence and electroluminescence.
  • Dimer formation is sensitive to sample preparation methods, explaining red shifts in evaporated films.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent dimer states are a key factor affecting the emission color and purity of carbazole-based TADF emitters.
  • These findings necessitate careful consideration of dimer states in the design of new TADF materials and the interpretation of existing research.
  • Understanding dimerization is imperative for optimizing TADF performance in OLEDs.