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Syntheses of hydroxyapatite from natural sources
N A S Mohd Pu'ad1, P Koshy2, H Z Abdullah3
1Department of Production and Operation Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Heliyon
|May 14, 2019
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) biomaterials can be extracted from diverse natural wastes. This review details methods for HAp extraction and discusses how source and process affect critical properties for biomedical applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Materials Chemistry
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Natural waste materials are valuable sources for recovering useful compounds.
- Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a key biomaterial with excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility.
- HAp is increasingly used in orthopaedic implants and dental materials due to its osteoconductive properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent methods for extracting Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from various natural sources.
- To describe the extraction techniques employed for obtaining HAp.
- To discuss the influence of extraction processes and natural sources on HAp properties.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on Hydroxyapatite (HAp) extraction from mammalian, aquatic, marine, shell, plant, algae, and mineral sources.
- Description of various chemical and physical extraction methodologies.
- Analysis of studies reporting the characterization of extracted HAp.
Main Results:
- Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be successfully extracted from a wide range of natural waste materials.
- Different extraction methods yield HAp with varying characteristics.
- The source material and extraction process significantly impact HAp's Ca/P ratio, crystallinity, particle size, and morphology.
Conclusions:
- Natural waste represents a sustainable source for Hydroxyapatite (HAp) production.
- Tailoring extraction methods allows control over HAp properties for specific biomedical applications.
- Further research into optimized extraction techniques can enhance HAp's utility in orthopaedics and dentistry.
Keywords:
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