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Review: Therapeutic potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Shafiqur Rahman1, Sumbal Bibi1, Tariq Javed2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|May 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are enzymes with roles in many diseases. Inhibitors and activators targeting specific CA isoforms show promise for treating obesity, cancer, infections, and Alzheimer's disease.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Enzymes act as biological catalysts, but their overactivation can lead to disease.
  • Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes involved in essential physiological and pathological processes.
  • Current therapies include inhibitors and knockout strategies for enzyme-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the biological basis for novel therapeutic applications of carbonic anhydrase modulators.
  • To highlight advancements in developing specific modulators for carbonic anhydrase isoforms.
  • To explore the potential of CA inhibitors and activators in treating various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on carbonic anhydrase function and inhibition/activation.
  • Analysis of established and emerging therapeutic roles of CA modulators.
  • Discussion of ongoing clinical trials for CA-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are established diuretics and antiglaucoma agents.
  • Emerging evidence suggests CAIs as potential treatments for obesity, cancer, and infections.
  • CA activation is being explored as a novel therapy for Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Modulators of carbonic anhydrase activity offer promising therapeutic avenues for diverse diseases.
  • Targeting specific CA isoforms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Several CA modulators are progressing through clinical trials, indicating significant therapeutic potential.

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