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Community Preceptor Perspectives on Recruitment and Retention: The CoPPRR Study.

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Physicians are motivated to precept medical students by feelings of competence, connection, and autonomy. Barriers include workload, poor teaching experiences, and bureaucracy, highlighting the need for supportive strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Psychology
  • Physician Motivation

Background:

  • Medical schools face challenges in recruiting and retaining community-based preceptors.
  • Physicians' motivations for teaching are influenced by various incentives and deterrents.
  • Self-determination theory (SDT) offers a framework for understanding human motivation based on autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore physicians' motivations for precepting medical students using the Self-determination Theory (SDT) framework.
  • To identify factors influencing physicians' decisions to become or remain preceptors.
  • To understand the interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators in physician preceptorship.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted focus groups with community-based family physicians across seven diverse institutions.
  • Utilized a semistructured interview guide based on Self-determination Theory (SDT).
  • Performed thematic analysis of transcribed interviews, focusing on SDT domains: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Main Results:

  • Physician motivation to precept increased with feelings of competence in practice and teaching, connection to institutions and students, and autonomy in teaching.
  • Decreased motivation was associated with clinical workload demands, negative teaching experiences, and institutional bureaucracy.
  • Both intrinsic factors (competence, relatedness, autonomy) and external factors influence preceptor motivation.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians' decisions to precept are driven by a mix of intrinsic motivations and effective external motivators.
  • Self-determination Theory (SDT) provides a valuable framework for understanding and addressing preceptor needs.
  • The findings can guide medical educators and policymakers in developing strategies to recruit and retain community-based preceptors.