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Rat strain response differences upon exposure to technical or alpha hexabromocyclododecane.

A M Gannon1, A Nunnikhoven1, V Liston1

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Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
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PubMed
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Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) exposure disproportionately affects male Fischer 344 rats, targeting the liver and thyroid. Alpha-HBCD isomer bioaccumulates more than gamma-HBCD, underscoring the need for strain and sex considerations in toxicity studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a persistent, bioaccumulative flame retardant of global concern.
  • Commercial HBCD (T-HBCD) contains alpha, beta, and gamma isomers, with alpha-HBCD being the most bioaccumulative in mammals.
  • Previous studies indicate HBCD affects liver and thyroid function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate strain- and sex-related differences in rat responses to technical HBCD (T-HBCD) and alpha-HBCD enriched HBCD (A-HBCD).
  • To identify target organs and histopathological effects of HBCD isomers.
  • To assess the bioaccumulation potential of different HBCD isomers.

Main Methods:

  • Sub-acute (28-day) oral exposure of female Sprague Dawley, Wistar, and Fischer F344 rats to T-HBCD or A-HBCD.
  • Inclusion of male Fischer F344 rats to evaluate sex-specific responses.
  • Histopathological examination and residue analysis of tissues.

Main Results:

  • Fischer F344 rats exhibited the highest sensitivity to HBCD, with significant effects on liver and thyroid.
  • Both T-HBCD and A-HBCD targeted the liver and thyroid, with more severe effects in male Fischer F344 rats.
  • Alpha-HBCD demonstrated higher bioaccumulation than gamma-HBCD across all tested rodent strains.

Conclusions:

  • Fischer F344 rats are a sensitive model for HBCD toxicity studies.
  • Sex differences significantly influence HBCD toxicity and bioaccumulation.
  • Alpha-HBCD isomer bioaccumulation is greater than gamma-HBCD, highlighting isomer-specific risks.