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Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

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The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Published on: May 31, 2018

Silicon Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode at 620 nm.

Hiroyuki Yamada^1,2, Naoto Shirahata^3,4,5

¹International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan. yamada.hiroyuki2@nims.go.jp.

|May 15, 2019

Summary

Researchers developed a silicon quantum dot light-emitting diode (SiQLED) with a stable, narrow orange electroluminescence (EL) spectrum. This SiQLED demonstrates high performance, including brightness and external quantum efficiency, suitable for display applications.

Keywords:

light emitting diode quantum dot silicon nanocrystals

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Published on: May 31, 2018

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Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) offer potential for visible light emission.
Developing efficient and stable orange-emitting devices remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a novel quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) utilizing colloidal silicon quantum dots (SiQDs).
To characterize the electroluminescence (EL) properties of the SiQLED, focusing on spectral characteristics, stability, and performance metrics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an inverted device structure incorporating a layer of colloidal SiQDs as the active component.
Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) spectral measurements.
Evaluation of device performance including brightness, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and turn-on voltage.

Main Results:

The SiQLED exhibited a strong electroluminescence (EL) spectrum peaking at 620 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 95 nm.
Stable EL spectral peaks were observed even in air across varying operating voltages (4-5 V), attributed to the inverted device structure.
Achieved performance metrics include a brightness of ~4200 cd/m², an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.033%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V.
Observed parasitic emission from the zinc oxide layer, increasing with driving voltage.

Conclusions:

The developed SiQLED demonstrates promising performance for orange light emission, comparable to existing Si-QLEDs.
The narrow EL spectrum, stability, and low turn-on voltage highlight the potential of SiQDs in optoelectronic applications.
Further optimization may be needed to mitigate parasitic emissions for enhanced device performance.