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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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When a car traverses a curved road, its motion can be elucidated by breaking it down into tangential and normal components. The car-centric coordinates attached to the vehicle move with it.
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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Tangential Flow Microfiltration for Viral Separation and Concentration.

Yi Wang1, Keely Keller2, Xuanhong Cheng3,4

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. yiw716@lehigh.edu.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a microfluidic device for concentrating HIV virus using filtration and affinity capture. The novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device achieves high viral capture efficiency for improved medical diagnostics.

Keywords:
COMSOLHIV diagnosticscross-flow filtrationmicrofluidic devicenanoporous membrane

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices are crucial for biological particle separation in medical diagnostics.
  • Enriching viruses like HIV is essential for accurate diagnosis and sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device for efficient HIV virus separation and concentration.
  • To combine tangential flow microfiltration and affinity capture in a single flow-through system.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a PDMS microfluidic device with parallel flow channels and a nanoporous membrane.
  • Integration of a resistance channel, guided by COMSOL simulation, to control flow permeation.
  • Assessment of viral capture efficiency across varying flow rates and input viral concentrations.

Main Results:

  • The microfluidic device achieved nearly 100% capture efficiency of viral particles in the permeate at optimal flow rates.
  • Observed flow-dependent capture efficiency, influenced by viral binding, non-specific particle deposition, and shear flow membrane cleaning.
  • Demonstrated consistent performance across various input viral concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic device effectively separates and concentrates HIV virus.
  • This technology offers a promising, easy-to-operate solution for HIV sample preparation, particularly in resource-limited settings.