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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Thermal performance curves (TPCs) model temperature-fitness relationships for species distribution models.
  • TPCs are crucial for understanding climate change impacts on species.
  • TPC variation across traits and time scales is often overlooked in climate change assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how TPCs vary across different traits and time scales of temperature exposure.
  • To determine the influence of developmental temperature on TPCs.
  • To assess the implications of TPC variation for predicting climate change responses.

Main Methods:

  • Common garden experiments were used to estimate TPCs for standard metabolic rate (SMR) and activity in *Drosophila melanogaster*.
  • Flies were reared at six developmental temperatures and tested at three temperatures.
  • TPCs for fecundity and egg-to-adult viability were collated from existing literature.
  • The effects of short-term (minutes/hours) versus long-term (days/weeks) temperature exposure on TPC shape and key descriptors (thermal optimum, limits, breadth) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • TPC descriptors varied significantly across traits (egg-to-adult viability, SMR, activity, fecundity).
  • Variation in TPCs within traits was minimal when measured under similar time scales.
  • The time scale of temperature exposure caused greater TPC variation than differences across traits.
  • The relative importance of time scale varied depending on the specific trait measured (e.g., activity vs. fecundity).

Conclusions:

  • TPCs are influenced by both the measured trait and the time scale of temperature exposure.
  • Using single-trait TPCs may not accurately predict overall fitness and thermal adaptation in changing environments.
  • Future climate change modeling should account for trait-specific and time-scale-dependent TPC variations for improved accuracy.